Old Dominican Friary, Sligo Town

Continuing in the vein of 'lost churches' I thought this week to feature the beautiful Dominican church in Sligo. Looking at the image below one might be tempted to ask the question 'why did it become a lost church'. A great many of the churches demolished in Ireland belonged to one of the Protestant denominations; this was due in part to the significant reduction of the Protestant population in many areas in the Republic in the twentieth century. This church here was of course Catholic, so that's one avenue that can be discounted. When Catholic churches were demolished, often in the late nineteenth or twentieth centuries it was because they were considered 'undignified', harping back to penal times. The image of the church below hardly points to towards such an explanation. One of the main reasons, however, for the church's ultimate demolition was that it simply had become too small for the growing congregation. Thus the final Mass was celebrated in 1971, with a new church opening on the site in 1973.  

This fine church originally dated from the 1840s. It was opened at the height of the Famine in 1848, a great tribute to the endeavors of the local Catholic community. In the early 1900s the church was enlarged, with a new sanctuary being added. A simple yet noble building, the church's most striking feature was the stunning wooden hammer-bean roof. However, it was partly due to the roof, ridden with woodworm and leaking, that led to the decision to erect a new church in its place was made. Unfortunately I have not been able to locate a picture of the original church's exterior. If anyone knows of one please let me know! 

Trinity Church, Catherine Street, Limerick City

To most passers-by, Limerick's Catherine Street is like many of the city center's Georgian streets, with it's noble terraced houses and wide streets. However, sandwiched between a terrace is one of Limerick's lesser-known religious buildings, Trinity Church. Trinity was one of the city's many Church of Ireland churches, but unlike most, it was not a parish church, but rather was a chapel for the adjacent Asylum for Blind Women. The church was commissioned by a clergyman, Reverend Edward Newenham Hoare in the early 1830s. Local man, Joseph Fogarty was selected to design the new chapel in the Classical style. Its impressive Greek style Ionic portico blended harmoniously into the pre-existing terrace. The church was opened for worship on 4 May 1834. It now functions as an office block, having been closed for worship some years back. 

The image above shows Catherine Street as it looked at around the turn of the century. When the church was closed a row of dormer windows were added above the pediment, giving it an irregular appearance. The church's interior was unfortunately entirely gutted when it assumed its present function, leaving little or no trace of its former past.  

Trinity Church resembled many Protestant places of worship in the period; an aisleless nave with flanking galleries. While the church could not be described as Spartan, in keeping with its Protestant heritage it was devoid of overt decoration. At its east end the prominence of the pulpit, instead of the altar, belied the importance of preaching and the Word of God in the early nineteenth century. As had been the case in Britain, Ireland had experienced an outbreak of evangelical fervor. The spread of evangelical Christianity had a very definite impact on the architectural landscape of Ireland's churches. The semi-circular apse to the rear, with its Victorian windows, was probably a later addition however, dating possibly from an 1895 renovation. 

Duiske Abbey, Graiguenamanagh, Co. Kilkenny

The small town of Graiguenamanagh sits peacefully along the banks of the River Barrow, on the border between counties Kilkenny and Carlow. It's name in Irish (Gráig na Manach), meaning 'village of the monks' points to its ancient monastic foundations. In the sixth century a settlement was founded by St Fiacra (St Fiacre to the French), before his great missionary expedition to France. It was a later monastic foundation, however, that the town became better-known. A new monastery was founded in the wake of the twelfth century Norman Conquest of Ireland, by the earl of Pembroke, William Marshall in 1204. The monastery was to be given to the Cistercians, and the early monks came there from Stanley Abbey in Wiltshire, England. The monks planned a monastery and church of vast proportions. The abbey, which became known as Duiske, flourished and had over eighty resident monks by 1230. For three hundred years the abbey flourished. The advent of the Protestant Reformation, however, proved disastrous, with monasteries and abbeys throughout Ireland and Britain being dissolved by orders of parliament. Duiske was suppressed in 1526. Subsequently the church and monastery passed into the hands of the James, the ninth earl of Ormonde. The church then descended into dereliction for a time until 1754 when part of the nave was transformed into into the place of worship for the local Protestant population. This arrangement lasted until the early nineteenth century, when a new Church of Ireland church was erected in the town. The abbey once again became a place of Catholic worship in 1813, which it continues to be to this day. 

From the outside the church could be mistaken for any large cruciform early nineteenth century chapel, with few immediate signs of its ancient heritage. The size of the church is, however, immediately apparent. The abbey church was the largest Cistercian church in Ireland, over sixty-five meters long. At the crossing (where the nave and transepts met) stood a great tower, which collapsed in 1744. It was never replaced.

The image above shows the church as it would have looked in the early twentieth century. The restoration completed throughout the nineteenth century produced a largely mock Gothic effect, with plaster statues, an elaborate high altar, and the highly decorated chancel arch. These fitting remained until the 1970s when a further restoration took place in the wake of the Second Vatican Council. Duiske is one of the few churches to have truly benefited from restoration in this period, with the church being returned to its former Cistercian glory. In line with their strict interpretation of monastic aestheticism, medieval Cistercians promoted their own particular style of architecture, with their churches exuding an austerity rarely found in Catholic churches. The plaster visible above was removed to reveal the unrendered whitewashed stone, in keeping with the original design; Cistercians never favoured plastered walls and even statues and images were frowned upon, lest they distract the monks from prayer. A beautiful unseasoned oak roof was added as part of the most recent restoration, returning the church to at least some of its medieval glory. 

Above is an image of an archway leading to monastic cloister. 

St Thomas', Marlborough Street, Dublin City

Readers of my Great Irish Houses blog will by this stage have seen a number of examples of how Ireland's past has had an often devastating effect on our architectural heritage. While our great country houses bore largely the brunt of this suffering, our ecclesiastical heritage was not exempt from the troubles of the tumultuous early decades of the twentieth century. One of the churches most devastatingly affected was St Thomas's, Marlborough Street. Marlborough Street stands to the east of O'Connell Street, the area of the city which suffered greatest throughout 1916, the War of Independence, and ultimately the Civil War. The church was gutted by fire in July 1922. This fire was part of the much wider blaze that engulfed the Sackville Street area (as O'Connell Street was then known), causing wide scale destruction. The fire was as a result of fighting between pro and anti-treaty troops, in what became known as the 'Battle of Dublin'. While the church was not beyond repair it was decided to demolish it, leading to the loss of one of Dublin's great Georgian churches. 

The Church of Ireland parish of St Thomas was formed in the 1750s, being separated from St Mary's due to population growth. The new church was to be located on Marlborough Street, recently erected and named in honour of the great British general, the first duke of Marlborough. Construction on the church commenced sometime in the late 1750s and was completed by 1762. The church bore a striking similarity to St Catherine's, Thomas Street. Both were designed by local architect John Smyth in the Classical style. St Thomas' facade was said to be an exact copy of the Chiesa del Sanctissimo Redentore, Venice, albeit on a less grand scale. 

The church's interior resembled the classical Georgian Anglican church, essentially a rectangular space, with an aisleless galleried nave. Above the west door was a Victorian organ. After its demolition the parish was renamed St George and St Thomas', with a new church being erected in Sean McDermott Street in 1930. 

New Facebook page

Just to let everyone know that I've now set up a new Facebook page. The address is www.facebook.com/bygoneirelandpics. The page is now in the format of a business/organisation page but will have all same notification features and image galleries as before. By' liking' the page you should receive daily updates of new blog entries. As always your support is greatly received. Don't forgot that I'm extremely greatful for comments and feedback on any of the entries. Also if you feel that you would like me feature a particular building or site please let me know and I'll do my best! 

St Flannan's Cathedral, Killaloe, Co.Clare

The small town of Killaloe in Co. Clare sits alongside the River Shannon, some twenty or some miles upstream from the city of Limerick. Like so many of Ireland's more ancient towns, Killaloe can trace its history to the foundation of a monastic settlement. At Killaloe a monastery was founded in the seventh century by St Molua and flourished.This monastery was well-known as a seat of great learning. In the twelfth century a cathedral was erected there in honour of Flannan. Flannan, a name synonymous with County Clare, had been a seventh century abbot of the monastery at Killaloe and is regarded as the first bishop of the diocese of Killaloe. 

Above is visible the cathedral and town of Killaloe. On the right hand river bank is the village of Ballina, Co. Tipperary. 

The cathedral seen above was begun c. 1200. It was a large cruciform structure, possessing elements of both the Romanesque and Gothic styles. To the left of the cathedral is St Flannan's Oratory, a slightly earlier structure. Unlike the cathedral the oratory was not altered significantly over time, therefore retaining its typically unique Hiberno-Romanesque appearance. The cathedral itself was altered many times through the centuries. In the sixteenth century it became the cathedral church of the Protestant, Church of Ireland diocese. It takes its present form largely from a restoration in the 1780s when the tower seen above was added. 

The interior towards the chancel showing the long, aisleless nave. 

Above is an image of a twelfth century arch. The arch, which has subsequently been restored, is an excellent example of Irish stone craftsmanship from the period. The arches contain a chevron, zig-zag pattern, and are adorned with images of animals. The space beneath the arch, which was then blocked up, has once again been freed up, revealing a stained glass window. 

Church of the Holy Trinity Without, Ballybricken, Waterford City

The Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity Without stands to the north of the heart of Waterford's historic Viking/Norman centre, off Ballybricken Green. The present church was erected in the early nineteenth century, c. 1810,  and in many respects is typical of churches erected before Catholic Emancipation in 1830. Following a cruciform plan, the church could be described as a 'barn chapel'. These were functional chapels with few architectural pretensions, sometimes hastily erected, and often replaced later in the nineteenth or twentieth centuries when sufficient funds allowed for the building of more fitting churches. At Ballybricken, however, the church was enhanced rather than replaced, and while unpretentious in style, the church exhibits a noble simplicity. The west tower was added at a later date than the church building itself. The pinnicales that crown the tower have since been removed, but save for that, this view has hardly changed. 

Somewhat unusually Waterford possesses three churches dedicated to the Holy Trinity: the Catholic cathedral of the the Most Holy Trinity Within, Ballybricken church, and the most ancient, the Church of Ireland Christ Church Cathedral. The church at Ballybricken received the dedication of the Holy Trinity 'Without' as it was situated to the west of the ancient centre, beyond the city walls. The name in Irish is Baile Bhric-Ghein, meaning the townland of the tribe of Uí Bhric, a native Irish family. Throughtout the century the area served as the great meeting point between town and country. The green was for centuries a fair until the 1950s, when it was transformed into the city cattle mart. The mart itself ceased trading in 1977. The final image below shows Ballybricken Fair in the early 1900s.

As I have suggested before, many of the Catholic churches erected in this period were done with limited funds, often relatively small in size, built with a most efficient use of space in mind. While Ballybricken could hardly be described as small, it nonetheless conformed to the principle of economy of space, employing galleries in the nave and transepts. Galleries had the added purpose of allowing for the enforcement of strict social boundaries, with the 'better sorts' often having seats reserved above, while the poor stood below during Mass. The scene above is now rather different thanks to a re-ordering that took place in the 1980s; the high altar and reredos were removed, as were the galleries in the nave.